Links to the American Beech webpage.  
 

Wood & Charcoal Identification
in Southern Maryland


Birch

Birch (Betula spp. /Betulaceae). The genus Betula contains about 40 species native to Asia, North America and Europe. All species are identical at the cellular level. In North America, Birches grow from the Tundra in the north throughouCanada, south to Georgia (in the Appalachians). The treest can attain heights of 70 ft, with diameters of more than 2 ft. The wood of Birches varies slightly among species with respect to physical and mechanical properties. The wood of birches is heavy, hard and strong with a fine, uniform texture. The Birches have white sapwood and reddish brown to dark brown heartwood. It is used for lumber (baskets, boxes, cooperage, crates, doors, distillation products, fuel wood, furniture, ice cream sticks, interior finish, pulp wood, tongue depressors, toothpicks, turned products, including spools, bobbins, small handles, toys and woodenware) and veneer (aircraft, furniture, paneling, plywood used for flush doors, radio and television cabinets).

Eastern North America
Common Name
Scientific Name

Gray Birch

B. populifolia

Paper Birch

B. papyrifera

River Birch

B. nigra

Sweet Birch

B. lenta

Yellow Birch

B. alleghaniensis

http://windsorplywood.com/nam_hardwoods/am_birch.html.

Characteristics found in the Birch (Betula spp.)
  • Diffuse porous
  • Perforation Plates Scalariform (11-50)
  • Inter-Vessel Pits Minute (2-3?)
  • Rays 1-4 seriate & homocellular


WOOD SLIDES
Click on each image to view a larger image.

CHARCOAL SLIDES


 
 

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Maryland Archaeological Conservation Lab